<div dir="ltr"><div dir="auto">There was one more thing I wanted to mention. Just like VLF transmitters, amateur transmissions in the VLF band are also susceptible to propagation anomalies from solar flares and GRBs. </div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Here is a plot from Markus showing amplitude and relative phase of DL3JMM’s transmissions from Markus’s VLF receivers in Germany. Markus has a triple axis system (N-S/E-W B-field and E-field). Markus’s plot shows a SID in DL3JMM’s transmission caused by an M-class flare: </div><div dir="auto"><img src="cid:ii_ld7oek551" alt="image.png" width="562" height="268"><br></div><div dir="auto">How cool is that?! Credit to Markus for creating the plot. </div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Even cooler is that the SID was also detectable on NAA, NAU, and NLK on the Springbrook VLF receiver!! Here are the amplitude plots for NAA and NAU showing the M-class flare:<br></div><div dir="auto"><img src="cid:ii_ld7oo5ey3" alt="Screen Shot 2023-01-22 at 12.47.16 PM.png" width="562" height="211"><br></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><img src="cid:ii_ld7oolv14" alt="Screen Shot 2023-01-22 at 12.48.15 PM.png" width="562" height="207"><div>What an amazing first this was! Not only was the transmission detected (both the carrier integration and EbNaut decoded), but an M-class solar flare caused a SID that was observed both on DL3JMM's signal at a VLF receiver in Germany, it was also observed on NAA and NAU locally! I'm very happy with this!</div><div><br></div><div>Jonathan</div><div>KC3EEY</div><div><br><div dir="auto"><br></div></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sun, Jan 22, 2023 at 1:17 AM Jonathan <<a href="mailto:emuman100@gmail.com">emuman100@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="auto">There was one more thing I wanted to mention. Just like VLF transmitters, amateur transmissions in the VLF band are also susceptible to propagation anomalies from solar flares and GRBs. </div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Here is a plot from Markus showing amplitude and relative phase of DL3JMM’s transmissions from Markus’s VLF receivers in Germany. Markus has a triple axis system (N-S/E-W B-field and E-field). Markus’s plot shows a SID in DL3JMM’s transmission caused by an M-class flare: </div><div dir="auto"><div><img src="cid:185d81dee4ff1a3ad351" style="max-width: 100%;"></div><br></div><div dir="auto">How cool is that?! Credit to Markus for creating the plot.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Jonathan</div><div dir="auto">KC3EEY </div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><br><div class="gmail_quote" dir="auto"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sun, Jan 22, 2023 at 1:02 AM Jonathan <<a href="mailto:emuman100@gmail.com" target="_blank">emuman100@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div><div dir="ltr">Thank you everybody! This is quite an exiting first for the VLF system and represents the amazing opportunities for radio amateurs in the VLF band! </div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr">It's interesting that there was only 10.6dB more attenuation in the east-to-west direction, but the nice thing about VLF and ULF is that the path losses are low, contributing to the usability of the band. Perhaps the earth's magnetic field in that direction had some influence on the path loss, similar to the instances I've read about with VLF transmitters and even ELF components of sferics.<br clear="none"><br clear="none">I wanted to see if I could get more decodes from stacking the other transmissions. I tried stacking
transmissions of the same time on both 14th, 15th, and 16th and I also
tried stacking the transmissions of the 15th and 16th. <br clear="none"><br clear="none">I was only able to get an additional decode by stacking the 00:00 and 06:00 transmissions on the 16th. Here are the results:<br clear="none"><br clear="none">initial reference phase -31.8 amplitude 3.601e+01</div></div><div>phase 0 0 0 0 0<br clear="none"></div><div dir="auto">found rank 0 ber 3.6133e-01 Eb/N0 0.5 M -7.734199219e+02 ph 0 0,0,0,0 [BERND]<br clear="none">carrier phase: 4.7 deg<br clear="none">carrier amplitude: 5.052e-02<br clear="none">carrier Eb/N0: 1.4 dB<br clear="none">carrier Es/N0: -11.18 dB<br clear="none">carrier S/N: 15.92 dB in 65.1 uHz, -25.95 dB in 1Hz, -59.93 dB in 2.5kHz<br clear="none"><br clear="none">I did not get a peak for the 16th's 00:00 transmission when I ran it through vtnspec.<br clear="none"><br clear="none">Overall,
I think this was a very successful transmission. Again, a big thanks and congratulations to Paul, Bernd,
and Markus! This was so much fun!</div><div></div><div><div dir="ltr"><br clear="none">Jonathan<br></div><div dir="ltr">KC3EEY </div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Wed, Jan 18, 2023 at 10:26 PM Julius Madey <<a href="mailto:hillfox601@gmail.com" target="_blank">hillfox601@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
<div>
<font face="Arial">Congratulations Jonathan and Nathaniel ..!
Another first ?<br>
73,<br>
Jules -K2KGJ<br>
</font><br>
<div>On 1/18/2023 3:34 PM, Dr. Nathaniel A.
Frissell Ph.D. wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">That is wonderful news, Jonathan!
Congratulations!<u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">73 Nathaniel W2NAF<u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
<div style="border-right:none;border-bottom:none;border-left:none;border-top:1pt solid rgb(225,225,225);padding:3pt 0in 0in">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> <a href="mailto:hamsci@googlegroups.com" target="_blank">hamsci@googlegroups.com</a>
<a href="mailto:hamsci@googlegroups.com" target="_blank"><hamsci@googlegroups.com></a>
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Jonathan<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, January 18, 2023 12:57 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> TangerineSDR Listserv
<a href="mailto:tangerinesdr@lists.tapr.org" target="_blank"><tangerinesdr@lists.tapr.org></a>; Unknown
<a href="mailto:hamsci@googlegroups.com" target="_blank"><hamsci@googlegroups.com></a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [HamSCI] First Amateur VLF Transmission
Detected at the W2NAF-KC3EEY VLF Receiver!<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">A new first for the W2NAF-KC3EEY VLF
receiver! Ameteur transmissions from VLF Radio Amateur
DL3JMM in Germany have been detected at the receiver and
messages have been decoded! DL3JMM's QTH is over 6500km
away from Springbrook and consists of both a land and
sea propagation path. The message was encoded using
EbNaut, 8k19a polynomial coding, 16-bit crc, 5
characters message length with a 30 second symbol period
at a frequency of 8270.03Hz. This information is
important to configure the decoder. The carrier's
spectral peak can be seen on this spectrum plot
integrated over the transmission period. It was
generated on Paul's server from the uplinked vorbis
encoded audio stream of VLF spectrum data.
<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><img id="m_-3203789176730115528m_1853444316921207237m_8986252907830582598m_-1145094547416185296_x0000_i1028" src="https://mail.google.com/mail/?ui=2&ik=1d55489d9c&attid=0.1&th=185c602daff5b421&view=fimg&fur=ip&rm=185c602daff5b421&sz=w1600-h1000&attbid=ANGjdJ-6DAXbj3fV75PLdEWxRc3UXNNaMQbkaEm6seHINJ-XY9HAMOR_fyfzEJobXCRGxkf41LLlM6JgcDZtSIzNL4PC4mT6Fr2ben3RwLL3uOKbxA298pczVIhDK6c&disp=emb&realattid=ii_ld11voe70&zw"><u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">It also was detected at a VLF
receiver at Forest, Virginia as well:<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><img id="m_-3203789176730115528m_1853444316921207237m_8986252907830582598m_-1145094547416185296_x0000_i1027" src="https://mail.google.com/mail/?ui=2&ik=1d55489d9c&attid=0.2&th=185c602daff5b421&view=fimg&fur=ip&rm=185c602daff5b421&sz=w1600-h1000&attbid=ANGjdJ_9WRZUssKfIrWinkD5_NgNzZsT5f4ojg54y6F-S5oo6RcOYxtp3T1ibNRPNmKb2yTiJir0LZM9OIJQJWbDIb5NCK08qBOqu-bSLznre60qpFhMnNL3R_owxiY&disp=emb&realattid=ii_ld11zoox1&zw"><u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">I then pulled the spectrum data from
the raw downsampled and hum filtered data and integrated
over the length of the transmission. To do this, here is
the vlfrx-tools signal processing chain. First, the
spectrum is fed through a 3 kHz wide brick wall filter
with a center frequency of 8270 kHz. Then, it's fed
through a sferic blanker to blank out sferics based on a
setting that produced the lowest noise floor. Finally,
it's fed into the narroband spectrum analyzer with
53.07uHz resolution.<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">vtfilter -h bp,f=8270,w=3000
2023-01-13_04-15-00_18900s_DL3JMM_8270.03_8K19A-crc16-30s-5chars-18840s_high_power.vt
| vtblank -a12 -d0 -t100 -v | vtnspec -v -r53.07e-6
-w0.01 -f8270.03 >
"2023-01-13_04-15-00_18900s_DL3JMM_8270.03_8K19A-crc16-30s-5chars-18840s_high_power.dat"<br>
<br>
It produced a narrowband spectrum with a carrier peak of
5.622e-08:<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12pt">vtnspec:
amplitudes 0 m/p/r: 1.203e-08 5.622e-08 4.672 p-m 6.61
sigma<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">The output data was plotted in
gnuplot, also showing the carrier's peak:<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><img id="m_-3203789176730115528m_1853444316921207237m_8986252907830582598m_-1145094547416185296_x0000_i1026" src="https://mail.google.com/mail/?ui=2&ik=1d55489d9c&attid=0.3&th=185c602daff5b421&view=fimg&fur=ip&rm=185c602daff5b421&sz=w1600-h1000&attbid=ANGjdJ-zDUiRc4vj_OjIOWqwfFJLA8CAlrMAkgjGlSSKTIWrhoC-HADYc7b2ATeejQ2tIkCCoX0YANvddXFZZTzVY9Jz7uMLj1Sop3v2POGEhmAr3KqS7VHmWG9swfo&disp=emb&realattid=ii_ld122ebq2&zw"><u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">To see if I could get a decode, I ran
it through the ebnaut decoder using the following
vlfrx-tools processing chain. After the sferic blanker,
the spectrum is fed into a multiplicative mixer at the
carrier frequency to produce baseband IQ data. The
output of the mixer is then downsampled and converted to
ascii data, then sent to the ebnaut decoder with the
encoding parameters of the message. -c2 tells the
encoder to use both processor cores. <u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">vtfilter -h bp,f=8270.03,w=3000
2023-01-13_04-15-00_18900s_DL3JMM_8270.03_8K19A-crc16-30s-5chars-18840s_high_power.vt
| vtblank -a12 -d0 -t100 -v | vtmult -f 8270.03 |
vtresample -r 240 | vtresample -r 1 | vtraw -oa | ebnaut
-d -N5 -p 8K19A -S30 -k16 -r1 -c2 -v -L20000 -PS -T60<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">But this did not result in a
successful decode. A few more dB was needed. Thankfully,
DL3JMM did more transmissions in his transmission
campaign at the following times, he wrote:<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">The next transmission already started
at 18:00 UTC because 18 is modulo of 6h. So they begin<br>
next broadcasts probably:<br>
<br>
today (01.14):<br>
<br>
- 18:00<br>
<br>
tomorrow (01.15):<br>
<br>
- 00:00<br>
- 06:00<br>
- 12:00<br>
- 18:00<br>
<br>
Monday (01.16):<br>
<br>
- 00:00<br>
- 06:00<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Here is a spectrogram showing the
transmissions. Between transmissions, only an
unmodulated carrier.<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><img id="m_-3203789176730115528m_1853444316921207237m_8986252907830582598m_-1145094547416185296_x0000_i1025" src="https://mail.google.com/mail/?ui=2&ik=1d55489d9c&attid=0.4&th=185c602daff5b421&view=fimg&fur=ip&rm=185c602daff5b421&sz=w1600-h1000&attbid=ANGjdJ9Yc38EXFa-qFsl-aNu__YNgHSrWKFWYCh4r12eT2oVSLR9XkxKiYsD5z_X4_A12w3nVerPXgF1gU5a6Sgt9nmc6G1jQ7LlLwVAVFNhFgXFhtfiBYJS4SD9Iq8&disp=emb&realattid=ii_ld133m6j3&zw"><u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">You can see the first transmission on
the 13th, one on the 14th, four on the 15th, and the
beginning of the one on the 16th. <u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Paul was able to achieve a decode at
Forest, VA for the midnight transmission on the 16th,
however, I still needed a few more dBs for that
transmission and recommended I stack both midnight
transmissions. Stacking feeds both transmissions through
an additive mixer and aligns timestamps and sampling.
This allows the signal power from both transmissions to
add and will increase the likelihood of a decode. First,
I converted both midnight transmissions to baseband IQ
data using the following vlfrx-tools signal processing
chains:<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">vtfilter -h bp,f=8270,w=3000
2023-01-14_23-50_16000s_DL3JMM_8270.03_8K19A-crc16-30s-5chars-16000s_1.vt
| vtblank -a12 -d0 -t200 -v | vtmult -f 8270.03 |
vtresample -r 240 | vtresample -r 1 >
2023-01-14_23-50_16000s_DL3JMM_8270.03_8K19A-crc16-30s-5chars-16000s_1_r1_baseband.vt<br>
<br>
vtfilter -h bp,f=8270,w=3000
2023-01-15_23-50_16000s_DL3JMM_8270.03_8K19A-crc16-30s-5chars-16000s_1.vt
| vtblank -a12 -d0 -t200 -v | vtmult -f 8270.03 |
vtresample -r 240 | vtresample -r 1 >
2023-01-15_23-50_16000s_DL3JMM_8270.03_8K19A-crc16-30s-5chars-16000s_1_r1_baseband.vt<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Then, I fed both into the stacking
script:<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12pt"><br>
bash stack2
2023-01-14_23-50_16000s_DL3JMM_8270.03_8K19A-crc16-30s-5chars-16000s_1_r1_baseband.vt
2023-01-15_23-50_16000s_DL3JMM_8270.03_8K19A-crc16-30s-5chars-16000s_1_r1_baseband.vt
>
2023-01-14-15_23-50_16000s_DL3JMM_8270.03_8K19A-crc16-30s-5chars-16000s_1_r1_baseband_stacked.vt<br>
2023-01-14_23-50_16000s_DL3JMM_8270.03_8K19A-crc16-30s-5chars-16000s_1_r1_baseband.vt
1673740200.000000 3.914e+05 1.532e+11<br>
2023-01-15_23-50_16000s_DL3JMM_8270.03_8K19A-crc16-30s-5chars-16000s_1_r1_baseband.vt
1673826600.000000 5.056e+05 2.556e+11<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Finally, I converted the stacked
transmissions to ascii and fed it into the decoder. I
GOT A SUCCESSFUL DECODE! The message is in brackets with
an Eb/N0 of 2.5dB!!<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">vtcat -S600
2023-01-14-15_23-50_16000s_DL3JMM_8270.03_8K19A-crc16-30s-5chars-16000s_1_r1_baseband_stacked.vt
| vtraw -oa | ebnaut -dp8K19A -r1 -S30 -N5 -c2 -PU
-L50000 -v<br>
initial reference phase -48.3 amplitude 2.244e+01<br>
phase 0 0 0 0 0<br>
found rank 0 ber 3.5156e-01 Eb/N0 1.2 M -8.639339600e+02
ph 0 0,0,0,0 [BERND]<br>
carrier phase: -11.9 deg<br>
carrier amplitude: 5.749e-02<br>
carrier Eb/N0: 2.5 dB<br>
carrier Es/N0: -10.05 dB<br>
carrier S/N: 17.04 dB in 65.1 uHz, -24.83 dB in 1Hz,
-58.81 dB in 2.5kHz<br>
elapsed 2<br>
phase 1 180 180 180 180<br>
phase 2 30 30 30 30<br>
phase 3 -150 -150 -150 -150<br>
phase 4 -30 -30 -30 -30<br>
phase 5 150 150 150 150<br>
phase 6 60 60 60 60<br>
phase 7 -120 -120 -120 -120<br>
phase 8 -60 -60 -60 -60<br>
phase 9 120 120 120 120<br>
phase 10 90 90 90 90<br>
phase 11 -90 -90 -90 -90<br>
vstack: max height 15<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">I also wanted to mention the CPU
usage during the decode. EbNaut uses powerful error
correction and processing for message decodes. CPU usage
for the decoder process was 130%, meaning one core was
completely utilized and the other was 30% utilized!!
Paul mentioned that this is the only amateur radio mode
that uses more power to decode the message than it does
to transmit the message!<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Congratulations to Paul and Bernd
DL3JMM on a successful transmission campaign and a first
for the W2NAF-KC3EEY VLF Receiver!!<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">More about the EbNaut mode can be
found <a href="https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fabelian.org%2Febnaut%2F&data=05%7C01%7Cnathaniel.frissell%40scranton.edu%7C280a1ea4693a45e1687508daf97d66af%7Ca8edc49a41f14c699768a7f6d7c3b8c3%7C0%7C0%7C638096614239145939%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=OSoz%2FgzgWaJAwxlEoMhhl%2BtcmHyyY73FdgSaiGksiMQ%3D&reserved=0" target="_blank">
here</a>.<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Jonathan<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">KC3EEY<u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal">-- <br>
Please follow the HamSCI Community Participation Guidelines at
<a href="https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fhamsci.org%2Fhamsci-community-participation-guidelines&data=05%7C01%7Cnathaniel.frissell%40scranton.edu%7C280a1ea4693a45e1687508daf97d66af%7Ca8edc49a41f14c699768a7f6d7c3b8c3%7C0%7C0%7C638096614239145939%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&sdata=RLAWZ3ARIW9XZh6oJ0OLJzG5725ozMBMkcUBwW41nEM%3D&reserved=0" target="_blank">
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