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    <font face="Arial">Hyomin, that's good news.  I know you've been
      busy.   I also have to check alignment of the in ground RM3100;
      the PVC pipe may have shifted slightly as the soil around it
      settles.  When first installed, the Yaxis was almost zero but is
      now a bit off; the Z axis may be slightly off as well ...
      alignment was using a spirit level on a machinist's square.<br>
      <br>
    </font><br>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 9/15/2020 1:24 PM, Kim, Hyomin
      wrote:<br>
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cite="mid:CAFXoXAUJhyXC3zF3L-F3n6CPR30Q=KgvGGqXUjZzCCUPYWESyw@mail.gmail.com">
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      <div dir="ltr">Jules - the mag is under test at this moment.
        Hopefully, I can give some updates soon. 
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10px;font-size:12px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:16px;border:0px;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><strong
style="color:rgb(111,111,111);font-size:13px">Hyomin Kim</strong><br>
                                    <font color="#6f6f6f">Assistant
                                      Professor</font><br>
                                    <font color="#6f6f6f">Physics<br>
                                    </font><font color="#666666">Center
                                      for Solar-Terrestrial Research<br>
                                      Institute for Space Weather
                                      Sciences</font><br>
                                    <font color="#666666"><a
                                        href="mailto:hmkim@njit.edu"
                                        target="_blank"
                                        moz-do-not-send="true">hmkim@njit.edu</a> • <span
                                        style="white-space:nowrap">(973) 596-5704</span><br>
                                      <a
                                        href="https://web.njit.edu/~hmkim/"
                                        target="_blank"
                                        moz-do-not-send="true">https://web.njit.edu/~hmkim/</a><br>
                                      104 Tiernan Hall, 161 Warren
                                      Street, Newark, NJ 07102<br>
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        <div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Tue, Sep 15, 2020 at 12:43
          PM Julius Madey <<a href="mailto:hillfox@fairpoint.net"
            moz-do-not-send="true">hillfox@fairpoint.net</a>> wrote:<br>
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          <div> <font face="Arial">The Z axis reading is high relative
              to the Z axis value of 48,032.0nT from the World Magnetic
              Model for that day for my specific location of 42deg 15min
              41.24sec North, 73deg 32min 32.43sec West, 1220 ft
              elevation.   <br>
              <br>
              Hyomin, have you had time to complete the solenoid coil
              measurement of the RM3100?<br>
              <br>
              Jules - K2KGJ<br>
              <br>
            </font><br>
            <div>On 9/15/2020 11:58 AM, Kim, Hyomin wrote:<br>
            </div>
            <blockquote type="cite">
              <div dir="ltr">Just to add to Phil's comments, what I see
                from the Z axis (if I am not wrong), is that there is a
                drift (whether real or not) in our Z axis data: for
                example, Bz in the USGS mag began at ~0 nT and ended at
                ~0 nT whereas ours began at ~49980 nT and ended at 50000
                nT, which is a 20 nT increase. 
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style="color:rgb(111,111,111);font-size:13px">Hyomin Kim</strong><br>
                                            <font color="#6f6f6f">Assistant
                                              Professor</font><br>
                                            <font color="#6f6f6f">Physics<br>
                                            </font><font color="#666666">Center
                                              for Solar-Terrestrial
                                              Research<br>
                                              Institute for Space
                                              Weather Sciences</font><br>
                                            <font color="#666666"><a
                                                href="mailto:hmkim@njit.edu"
                                                target="_blank"
                                                moz-do-not-send="true">hmkim@njit.edu</a> • <span
style="white-space:nowrap">(973) 596-5704</span><br>
                                              <a
                                                href="https://web.njit.edu/~hmkim/"
                                                target="_blank"
                                                moz-do-not-send="true">https://web.njit.edu/~hmkim/</a><br>
                                              104 Tiernan Hall, 161
                                              Warren Street, Newark, NJ
                                              07102<br>
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                <div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Tue, Sep 15, 2020
                  at 11:53 AM Phil Erickson <<a
                    href="mailto:phil.erickson@gmail.com"
                    target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">phil.erickson@gmail.com</a>>
                  wrote:<br>
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                  <div dir="ltr">Hi David,
                    <div><br>
                    </div>
                    <div>  When I say "secular change", I meant the time
                      scale of the change.  Secular = long term, in this
                      case relative to the time scales of a magnetic
                      disturbance.  For example, storm time current
                      variations might occur on a few minute to hour or
                      two scale, but would not last for 24 hours.  The
                      latter is what I was referring to and indicates a
                      more long term drift.  If you saw that drift for
                      example from day to day, that is now climatology
                      (not weather) and you would have to see whether
                      that is reasonable geophysically.</div>
                    <div><br>
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                    <div>73</div>
                    <div>Phil</div>
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                  <div class="gmail_quote">
                    <div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Tue, Sep 15,
                      2020 at 11:50 AM David Witten <<a
                        href="mailto:wittend@wwrinc.com" target="_blank"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">wittend@wwrinc.com</a>>
                      wrote:<br>
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                      <div dir="ltr">Phil, Hyomin,
                        <div><br>
                        </div>
                        <div>I believe that I understand your comments,
                          but to be sure, may I ask exactly what is
                          meant by 'secular change'.  I do not want to
                          make incorrect assumptions about a term of
                          art.</div>
                        <div><br>
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                        <div>Dave</div>
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                      <div class="gmail_quote">
                        <div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Tue, Sep
                          15, 2020 at 10:45 AM Phil Erickson <<a
                            href="mailto:phil.erickson@gmail.com"
                            target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">phil.erickson@gmail.com</a>>
                          wrote:<br>
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                          <div dir="ltr">If it is picking up a 10 nT
                            level secular change, that is fabulous for a
                            reasonable cost sensor!  Maybe Jules has a
                            ground induced current nearby?  Anyhow,
                            temperature sensitivity at a more precise
                            level is I'm sure all part of the
                            calibration needs, so we'll find out
                            later...
                            <div><br>
                            </div>
                            <div>Phil</div>
                          </div>
                          <br>
                          <div class="gmail_quote">
                            <div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Tue,
                              Sep 15, 2020 at 11:40 AM Kim, Hyomin <<a
                                href="mailto:hmkim@njit.edu"
                                target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">hmkim@njit.edu</a>>
                              wrote:<br>
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                              <div dir="ltr">Ah, yes I agree - the
                                secular change seems to be a little off.
                                I paid more attention to the small scale
                                variations which look to be
                                similar. This is a mystery to me. Maybe
                                our sensor is not so precisely
                                calibrated, say, to ambient temperature
                                or something? Or we found another
                                magnetic anomaly near where Jules
                                lives!! 
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style="color:rgb(111,111,111);font-size:13px">Hyomin Kim</strong><br>
                                                          <font
                                                          color="#6f6f6f">Assistant
                                                          Professor</font><br>
                                                          <font
                                                          color="#6f6f6f">Physics<br>
                                                          </font><font
                                                          color="#666666">Center
                                                          for
                                                          Solar-Terrestrial
                                                          Research<br>
                                                          Institute for
                                                          Space Weather
                                                          Sciences</font><br>
                                                          <font
                                                          color="#666666"><a
href="mailto:hmkim@njit.edu" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">hmkim@njit.edu</a> • <span
style="white-space:nowrap">(973) 596-5704</span><br>
                                                          <a
                                                          href="https://web.njit.edu/~hmkim/"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">https://web.njit.edu/~hmkim/</a><br>
                                                          104 Tiernan
                                                          Hall, 161
                                                          Warren Street,
                                                          Newark, NJ
                                                          07102<br>
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                              <div class="gmail_quote">
                                <div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On
                                  Tue, Sep 15, 2020 at 11:34 AM Phil
                                  Erickson <<a
                                    href="mailto:phil.erickson@gmail.com"
                                    target="_blank"
                                    moz-do-not-send="true">phil.erickson@gmail.com</a>>
                                  wrote:<br>
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                                  <div dir="ltr">Hi Hyomin,
                                    <div><br>
                                    </div>
                                    <div> You have a more expert eye
                                      than I do, so I read your
                                      statements as "uncalibrated axes",
                                      which of course is entirely
                                      correct for this RM3100 data.  I
                                      just don't know how to separate
                                      the geophysical (latitudinal
                                      difference) from the instrumental
                                      (positional axes are not exactly
                                      the same).  I was reacting mostly
                                      to the 24 hour secular change in
                                      each component.  Is it reasonable
                                      to assume that is much less
                                      sensitive for horizontal vs
                                      vertical components?</div>
                                    <div><br>
                                    </div>
                                    <div>73</div>
                                    <div>Phil</div>
                                  </div>
                                  <br>
                                  <div class="gmail_quote">
                                    <div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On
                                      Tue, Sep 15, 2020 at 11:27 AM Kim,
                                      Hyomin <<a
                                        href="mailto:hmkim@njit.edu"
                                        target="_blank"
                                        moz-do-not-send="true">hmkim@njit.edu</a>>
                                      wrote:<br>
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                                      <div dir="ltr">Hi Phil,
                                        <div>At a first glance I thought
                                          the Z traces matched well as
                                          the relative values appear to
                                          be similar in that axis. If I
                                          am not wrong, Bz is oriented
                                          toward the center of the earth
                                          for the USGS mags. I believe
                                          the USGS mag is quite
                                          precisely oriented whereas our
                                          mag is not. Thus any slight
                                          offset in orientation can be
                                          seen noticeably as Bz has the
                                          biggest values? Also, the
                                          latitudinal difference between
                                          his place and Fredericksburg
                                          could be another factor? </div>
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                                        <div>Hyomin</div>
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href="https://www.njit.edu/"
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target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"><img
                                                          src="https://assets.njit.edu/uicomponents/NJIT-email-logo.png"
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style="color:rgb(111,111,111);font-size:13px">Hyomin Kim</strong><br>
                                                          <font
                                                          color="#6f6f6f">Assistant
                                                          Professor</font><br>
                                                          <font
                                                          color="#6f6f6f">Physics<br>
                                                          </font><font
                                                          color="#666666">Center
                                                          for
                                                          Solar-Terrestrial
                                                          Research<br>
                                                          Institute for
                                                          Space Weather
                                                          Sciences</font><br>
                                                          <font
                                                          color="#666666"><a
href="mailto:hmkim@njit.edu" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">hmkim@njit.edu</a> • <span
style="white-space:nowrap">(973) 596-5704</span><br>
                                                          <a
                                                          href="https://web.njit.edu/~hmkim/"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">https://web.njit.edu/~hmkim/</a><br>
                                                          104 Tiernan
                                                          Hall, 161
                                                          Warren Street,
                                                          Newark, NJ
                                                          07102<br>
                                                          </font></td>
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                                                  </div>
                                                </div>
                                              </div>
                                            </div>
                                          </div>
                                          <br>
                                        </div>
                                      </div>
                                      <br>
                                      <div class="gmail_quote">
                                        <div dir="ltr"
                                          class="gmail_attr">On Tue, Sep
                                          15, 2020 at 10:39 AM Phil
                                          Erickson via TangerineSDR <<a
href="mailto:tangerinesdr@lists.tapr.org" target="_blank"
                                            moz-do-not-send="true">tangerinesdr@lists.tapr.org</a>>
                                          wrote:<br>
                                        </div>
                                        <blockquote class="gmail_quote"
                                          style="margin:0px 0px 0px
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                                          <div dir="ltr">Hi Dave,
                                            <div><br>
                                            </div>
                                            <div>  The X and Y traces
                                              return after 24 hours to
                                              nearly the same relative
                                              value in both the
                                              reference and RM3100
                                              traces.  The Z trace does
                                              not.  Ionospheric currents
                                              flowing in the E region
                                              should not affect Z
                                              exclusive of X and Y under
                                              most any geometry I can
                                              think of, so I wondered
                                              whether the uncalibrated
                                              RM3100 was likely causing
                                              this.  (I have never
                                              professionally calibrated
                                              a magnetometer, so Hyomin
                                              might need to comment
                                              here.). In other words, I
                                              always assume there is
                                              some measurement
                                              systematic until it has
                                              been completely ruled out
                                              before assigning it to
                                              geophysical variation.</div>
                                            <div><br>
                                            </div>
                                            <div>73<br>
                                            </div>
                                            <div>Phil W1PJE</div>
                                            <div><br>
                                            </div>
                                            <div><br>
                                            </div>
                                          </div>
                                          <br>
                                          <div class="gmail_quote">
                                            <div dir="ltr"
                                              class="gmail_attr">On Tue,
                                              Sep 15, 2020 at 10:34 AM
                                              David Witten <<a
                                                href="mailto:wittend@wwrinc.com"
                                                target="_blank"
                                                moz-do-not-send="true">wittend@wwrinc.com</a>>
                                              wrote:<br>
                                            </div>
                                            <blockquote
                                              class="gmail_quote"
                                              style="margin:0px 0px 0px
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                                              <div dir="ltr">@Phil,
                                                <div><br>
                                                </div>
                                                <div>Correlation is
                                                  great, and surely some
                                                  further calibration
                                                  issues may remain. 
                                                  But these sensors are
                                                  NOT colocated -
                                                  (200-300+ mi apart?)
                                                  .  Wouldn't it be
                                                  suspicious if they did
                                                  correlate perfectly? 
                                                  If they did,
                                                  shouldn't  we ask if
                                                  we do really need an
                                                  extensive array of
                                                  these sensors? 
                                                  Presumably there will
                                                  always be some local
                                                  variation at this
                                                  scale?  (don't know,
                                                  just asking)<br>
                                                </div>
                                                <div><br>
                                                </div>
                                                <div>Dave Witten, KD0EAG</div>
                                              </div>
                                              <br>
                                              <div class="gmail_quote">
                                                <div dir="ltr"
                                                  class="gmail_attr">On
                                                  Tue, Sep 15, 2020 at
                                                  7:21 AM Phil Erickson
                                                  <<a
                                                    href="mailto:phil.erickson@gmail.com"
                                                    target="_blank"
                                                    moz-do-not-send="true">phil.erickson@gmail.com</a>>
                                                  wrote:<br>
                                                </div>
                                                <blockquote
                                                  class="gmail_quote"
                                                  style="margin:0px 0px
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                                                  <div dir="ltr">Hi all,<br>
                                                    <div><br>
                                                    </div>
                                                    <div>  There appears
                                                      to be a 10 nT
                                                      drift in the Z
                                                      component for the
                                                      RM3100 that is not
                                                      in the
                                                      Fredericksburg
                                                      traces.  Is that
                                                      slow systematic
                                                      bias expected? 
                                                      Maybe things are
                                                      not calbrated over
                                                      that time frame
                                                      quite yet?</div>
                                                    <div><br>
                                                    </div>
                                                    <div>73</div>
                                                    <div>Phil W1PJE</div>
                                                  </div>
                                                  <br>
                                                  <div
                                                    class="gmail_quote">
                                                    <div dir="ltr"
                                                      class="gmail_attr">On
                                                      Mon, Sep 14, 2020
                                                      at 10:49 PM David
                                                      Witten via
                                                      TangerineSDR <<a
href="mailto:tangerinesdr@lists.tapr.org" target="_blank"
                                                        moz-do-not-send="true">tangerinesdr@lists.tapr.org</a>>
                                                      wrote:<br>
                                                    </div>
                                                    <blockquote
                                                      class="gmail_quote"
                                                      style="margin:0px
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                                                      <div dir="ltr">I
                                                        don't believe
                                                        that my previous
                                                        post carried the
                                                        file K2KGJ
                                                        provided.<br>
                                                        <br>
                                                        <div
                                                          class="gmail_quote">
                                                          <div dir="ltr"
class="gmail_attr">---------- Forwarded message ---------<br>
                                                          From: <strong
class="gmail_sendername" dir="auto">Julius Madey</strong> <span
                                                          dir="auto"><<a
href="mailto:hillfox@fairpoint.net" target="_blank"
                                                          moz-do-not-send="true">hillfox@fairpoint.net</a>></span><br>
                                                          Date: Mon, Sep
                                                          14, 2020 at
                                                          4:26 PM<br>
                                                          Subject:
                                                          another 24hour
                                                          RM3100 run and
                                                          comparison
                                                          with
                                                          Fredericksburg<br>
                                                          To: Kim,
                                                          Hyomin <<a
href="mailto:hmkim@njit.edu" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">hmkim@njit.edu</a>>,
                                                          David Witten
                                                          <<a
                                                          href="mailto:wittend@wwrinc.com"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">wittend@wwrinc.com</a>>, Dr.
                                                          Nathaniel A.
                                                          Frissell Ph.D.
                                                          <<a
                                                          href="mailto:nathaniel.frissell@scranton.edu"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">nathaniel.frissell@scranton.edu</a>>,
                                                          Dave Larsen
                                                          <<a
                                                          href="mailto:kv0s.dave@gmail.com"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">kv0s.dave@gmail.com</a>><br>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <br>
                                                          <br>
                                                          <div> <font
                                                          face="Arial">All,
                                                          <br>
                                                          I was hoping
                                                          to record a
                                                          relatively
                                                          short term
                                                          event but
                                                          missed one
                                                          about 10 days
                                                          ago.  However,
                                                          there was a
                                                          good run on
                                                          the 12th with
                                                          an ~30nT
                                                          excursion on
                                                          the Y axis
                                                          lasting about
                                                          an hour.  In
                                                          the attached
                                                          pdf, the three
                                                          axes of the
                                                          RM3100 again
                                                          track the
                                                          Fredericksburg
                                                          magnetometer
                                                          station data
                                                          quite
                                                          closely.  The
                                                          RM3100 plotted
                                                          data points
                                                          are simple
                                                          running
                                                          60second
                                                          averages and
                                                          not the more
                                                          complex
                                                          filtering
                                                          algorithm used
                                                          by Intermagnet
                                                          stations for
                                                          their 1 minute
                                                          data points. <br>
                                                          <br>
                                                          The vertical
                                                          axes scales on
                                                          all plots are
                                                          as close as I
                                                          could match
                                                          them by eye in
                                                          cutting and
                                                          pasting.<br>
                                                          <br>
                                                          I believe the
                                                          value to the
                                                          right on the
                                                          Intermagnet
                                                          plot is the
                                                          mean for the
                                                          24 hour
                                                          period.  I did
                                                          not try to
                                                          compute a 24
                                                          hour mean.<br>
                                                          <br>
                                                          One of the
                                                          products for
                                                          the future for
                                                          general
                                                          interest would
                                                          be a running
                                                          plot like
                                                          those
                                                          available on
                                                          Intermagnet.org. 
                                                          I guess we can
                                                          dream a bit. 
                                                          <br>
                                                          <br>
                                                          Jules - K2KGJ<br>
                                                          </font> </div>
                                                        </div>
                                                      </div>
                                                      -- <br>
                                                      TangerineSDR
                                                      mailing list<br>
                                                      <a
                                                        href="mailto:TangerineSDR@lists.tapr.org"
                                                        target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send="true">TangerineSDR@lists.tapr.org</a><br>
                                                      <a
href="http://lists.tapr.org/mailman/listinfo/tangerinesdr_lists.tapr.org"
                                                        rel="noreferrer"
                                                        target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send="true">http://lists.tapr.org/mailman/listinfo/tangerinesdr_lists.tapr.org</a><br>
                                                    </blockquote>
                                                  </div>
                                                  <br clear="all">
                                                  <div><br>
                                                  </div>
                                                  -- <br>
                                                  <div dir="ltr">----<br>
                                                    Phil Erickson<br>
                                                    <a
                                                      href="mailto:phil.erickson@gmail.com"
                                                      target="_blank"
                                                      moz-do-not-send="true">phil.erickson@gmail.com</a><br>
                                                  </div>
                                                </blockquote>
                                              </div>
                                            </blockquote>
                                          </div>
                                          <br clear="all">
                                          <div><br>
                                          </div>
                                          -- <br>
                                          <div dir="ltr">----<br>
                                            Phil Erickson<br>
                                            <a
                                              href="mailto:phil.erickson@gmail.com"
                                              target="_blank"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">phil.erickson@gmail.com</a><br>
                                          </div>
                                          -- <br>
                                          TangerineSDR mailing list<br>
                                          <a
                                            href="mailto:TangerineSDR@lists.tapr.org"
                                            target="_blank"
                                            moz-do-not-send="true">TangerineSDR@lists.tapr.org</a><br>
                                          <a
href="http://lists.tapr.org/mailman/listinfo/tangerinesdr_lists.tapr.org"
                                            rel="noreferrer"
                                            target="_blank"
                                            moz-do-not-send="true">http://lists.tapr.org/mailman/listinfo/tangerinesdr_lists.tapr.org</a><br>
                                        </blockquote>
                                      </div>
                                    </blockquote>
                                  </div>
                                  <br clear="all">
                                  <div><br>
                                  </div>
                                  -- <br>
                                  <div dir="ltr">----<br>
                                    Phil Erickson<br>
                                    <a
                                      href="mailto:phil.erickson@gmail.com"
                                      target="_blank"
                                      moz-do-not-send="true">phil.erickson@gmail.com</a><br>
                                  </div>
                                </blockquote>
                              </div>
                            </blockquote>
                          </div>
                          <br clear="all">
                          <div><br>
                          </div>
                          -- <br>
                          <div dir="ltr">----<br>
                            Phil Erickson<br>
                            <a href="mailto:phil.erickson@gmail.com"
                              target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">phil.erickson@gmail.com</a><br>
                          </div>
                        </blockquote>
                      </div>
                    </blockquote>
                  </div>
                  <br clear="all">
                  <div><br>
                  </div>
                  -- <br>
                  <div dir="ltr">----<br>
                    Phil Erickson<br>
                    <a href="mailto:phil.erickson@gmail.com"
                      target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">phil.erickson@gmail.com</a><br>
                  </div>
                </blockquote>
              </div>
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